project1 : Doing Mathematical Calculations & String Manipulations with Python

num ready? description assigned due
project1 true Doing Mathematical Calculations & String Manipulations with Python Thu 04/27 12:30PM Fri 05/12 11:59PM

CS 8, Spring 2016: Programming Project 1

Due: Friday, 5/12 11:59pm

Before you begin: Read all of Miller/Ranum chapters 1, 2 and 3 and obtain copies of these 7 files:

  1. sphere.py
  2. screensize.py
  3. fibonacci.py
  4. findWord.py
  5. decode.py
  6. message.txt
  7. theRaven.txt

The files are found at http://cs.ucsb.edu/~zmatni/cs8s17/projects/proj1/, and save them in whatever folder you choose to work on this project (presumably ~/cs8/proj1/).

Edit the comments at the beginnings of these files to include your name (and the name of your partner, if you are working with another student) and the date each program is written. This is IMPORTANT, and it applies to all future programs too!

sphere.py

(20 points: some calculations) Add the following four functions to sphere.py (three of them are taken from Exercises 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 on page 81 of the text, and the other is a natural addition):

    circumference(r) - to return the circumference of a circle with radiusr. [2πr] area(r) - to return the area of a circle with radius r. [πr2] surface(r) - to return the surface area of a sphere with radius r. [4πr2] volume(r) - to return the volume of a sphere with radius r. [4πr3/3]

Notes:

    The function headers must exactly match the ones above, or the testing code will not work. Use math.pi (after importing the math module) for the value of π in all of these calculations. We suggest you test them one at a time in the Python shell. When they are all done, you can run the module. Here are two sample runs to which you can compare your results: 
-bash-4.2$ python3 sphere.py 
enter radius: 2.5
circumference: 15.7
circle area: 19.6
sphere volume: 65.4
sphere surface area: 78.5
-bash-4.2$ python3 sphere.py 
enter radius: 10
circumference: 62.8
circle area: 314.2
sphere volume: 4188.8
sphere surface area: 1256.6

screensize.py

(20 points: slightly more complicated calculations) Add two functions to screensize.py to calculate the height and width of a display screen, given the diagonal screen size (D) and the aspect ratio (W:H), using these formulas:

…………………………….

    height(D, W, H) - where D, W and H are described above. width(W, H, screenHeight) - where W and H as above, and screenHeight is the result of the height function.

When done, your results should match the following sample runs from our solution.

-bash-4.2$ python3 screensize.py 
enter D, W, H (separated by commas): 51, 4, 3
width = 40.8, height = 30.6
-bash-4.2$ python3 screensize.py 
enter D, W, H (separated by commas): 64, 16, 9
width = 55.8, height = 31.4

fibonacci.py

First switch roles between pilot and navigator if you did not already do that. (Based on Exercise 2.14 from page 56 of the text).

(20 points: accumulator pattern) The numbers in the Fibonacci Series are characterized by the fact that every number after the first two is the sum of the two preceding ones, so the sequence starts with a 1 and 1 and continues on. This gives us this series of numbers: 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55… etc… Write a Python program that prints out the first n numbers in the Fibonacci Series. Do not copy a solution from an online source. You cannot recursively call the function (that means have the function call itself) and should mostly use if/else and for statements.

Here is the required function header and an appropriate comment - type or copy/paste them into your fibonacci.py file at least one blank line below the end of the factorial function:

# fib - returns nth term of Fibonacci sequence:
#     1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ... So fib(6) = 8
def fib(n):

fib(n) - where n is the number of terms in the series. Examples: If n is equal to 1, then just include the first term in the equation: (1). If n is equal to 2, then just include the first and the second term in the equation: (1 1). If n is equal to 6, include the first six terms: (1 1 2 3 5 8)

When done, your results should match the following sample runs from our solution.

-bash-4.2$ python3 fiboncci.py 
enter number of terms: 9
1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34
-bash-4.2$ python3 fibonacci.py
enter number of terms: 1 
1
-bash-4.2$ python3 fibonacci.py
enter number of terms: 5
1 1 2 3 5

Test your function thoroughly to be sure it is correct. Verify that both fib(1) and fib(2) return 1, fib(3) returns 2, and so on. You may assume that n will always be greater than 0, but find out what the function returns for 0 or negative values too, and try to understand why it returns what it does in such cases.

Hint: Another way to write this is: fib(i) = fib(i-1) + fib(i-2). This does not mean that to calculate fib(i) you should call fib for both of the lower results. What this really means is that the result of this iteration is dependent on your result of the last iteration and the iteration before that. Storing those (two) partial results are the key to getting this algorithm correct.

Remember to let both partners think about this before diving in. Do not skip the design step, in which you work this out on paper before trying to write in Python.

NEXT STEPS (NOT DONE YET!!):

The “golden ratio” is often denoted by the lower case Greek letter, phi (φ) and appears in natural constructs everywhere from plants and flowers to the way galaxies form. This ratio can be approximated by using the Fibonacci function. In particular, as the value of n increases, the value of the fraction F(n+1)/F(n) gets nearer and nearer to φ.

Here F denotes the Fibonnaci function. In calculus, this relationship is expressed as a limit, as n approaches infinity:

Of course, it is not necessary to plug ∞ into the formula to approximate the ratio, let alone (∞ + 1)! Your job is: Find the smallest value of n for which the ratio is within 1.0e-10 of this approximate value of φ: 1.6180339887.

Devise a strategy using your fib function, and other things you have learned so far in CS 8.

Things you should know:

    1.0e-10 is an actual floating point constant equal to 0.0000000001. One should not use == to compare floating point numbers, because very slight differences will cause false results. Instead, the best approach is to calculate the absolute value of the difference between the two numbers, and then verify this difference is less than a very small value (like 1.0e-10).

In Python, the absolute value of a number is found with the abs function:

>>> abs(-5.5)
5.5
>>> abs(1.05)
1.05

findWord.py

(20 points: string manipulation) This program calls a function (findIt) that manipulates strings. The function is run over and over again until the user enters specific outputs to quit.
findIt(lines, word) takes in a group of strings stored together (that is, lines in a list) in an EXTERNAL FILE called “theRaven.txt”, which contains the entire poem, “The Raven”, by Edgar Allan Poe. It then goes through each string (line) in this list and searches for the sub-string “word”. If it finds “word”, it prints the entire line, preceded by the line number (these start at 0). See example below.

The line number is the position of the line in the list. So for example, if the list has 125 lines in it and the one indexed number 103 is “found” by the function and is “Quoth the Raven “Nevermore””, then the function would output:

103             Quoth the Raven "Nevermore."

The reading of the external file is done for you in the main FindWord.py program.

NOTE: When a list contains multiple values, you can access each individual one with a for-loop, for example, given a list called people = ["joe", "mary", "bob", "chincilla"], you would do this:

>>> for one in people:
	   print(one)
joe
mary
bob
chinchilla

This will print out each name in the list individually, each on a new line. If you modify the last line as print(one, end= " ") (note the space character between the quotation marks), you will print each item next to the following one on one line with a space character between each one.

>>> for one in people:
       print(one, end=" ")
joe mary bob chinchilla >>>

If you modify it further as print(one, end= "") (note the ABSENCE of a space characer between the quotes), you will print each item immediately next to the other with no space character between them.

When done, your results should match the following sample runs from our solution.

decode.py

(20 points: string manipulation)In this last exercise, you are going to read in an external file that contains a coded message and de-code it!

Reading the external file is done for you, as with the last exercise. The decoding should be performed with this scheme in mind:

When originally coded, each letter was transposed by adding 5 to its ASCII code, except for all lower case letters ‘a’, which were not changed. Therefore you have to figure out a way to reverse this process in order to decode.

The function that you have to write, decode(lines), takes in a group of strings stored together (as in the last exercise) in an EXTERNAL FILE called “message.txt”, which contains a coded message that you must decipher. The function then goes through each string (line) in this list, then each character in the line, and does the decoding (on a character-by-character basis). Finally, it has to print out each line it decodes. See the example below (which does not use the file that you will be using):

-bash-4.2$ cat message.txt
Ymjwj,x%a%qnyyqj%gqahp%xuty%ts%ymj%xzs%ytia~3
Ny,x%ymj%xarj%tqi%ymnsl%ax%~jxyjwia~3
-bash-4.2$ 
-bash-4.2$ python3 decode.py
There's a little black spot on the sun today.
It's the same old thing as yesterday.

The Linux command “cat message.txt” means “show me what’s in the file message.txt”. As you see from the example, the file contains garbled (coded) text. The Python program, decode.py, if working properly, prints out the decoded text.

Go to CSIL (in person unless you can manage this step remotely without any assistance from us). Open a terminal window, cd to the same directory as your source code files, then type the following (careful - turning in to uppercase P, Proj1, at class account cs8):

turnin Proj1@cs8 sphere.py screensize.py fibonacci.py findWord.py decode.py

If you are working with a partner, be sure that both partners names are in the comments at the top of all source files.

If you run into problems, be sure to ask questions on Piazza or visit your TA’s or your instructor’s office hours.

Created by Ziad Matni, (c) 2107, partly based on prior work by M. Costanzo and others.